Arthur holmes



A. HOLIVIES.

-INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED .IAN-2.l |917.

llenfml Sept '2, 1919.

Trui@ Unire smilies PATENT ortica.

.ARTHUR HOLMES, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 THE HOLMES AUTOMOBILE COMPANY, OF CANTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION 0F OHIO.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented Sept. 2, i919.

Application filed January 2, 1917. Serial No. 140,112.

To all lwiwi/1 it fin/ry concern.'

Be it known that l, ARTHUR HOLMES, a citizen ot the United States of America, and resident oi Syracuse, in the county of (mondana, in thel State 0i' New York7 have invented new and nset'ul Improvements in lnternal-Combnsti'on Engines, ot' which the following', taken in connection with the acooi'npanying drawings, is a full, clear, and c-Xact description.

This invention relates to certain improvements in internal combustion engines having the valves located iii the c vlinder head and has perhaps more specific application to the valve operating mechanism and associated parts for actuating the valves.

The primar)v object ot the invention is to produce an eiiicicnt valve-operating mechanism which shall antomaticall)v compensate for chang-cs in valve clearance and valve timinglr resulting from non-uniform eXpansion ot' the cylinder and other parts diie to nnoqnal variation in the tempeiatiire to which said parts are subjected under operatingcoinlitions.

lt has heen customary to so torni 'the cyl-- indcrhead that a, line connecting the centers l ot the valves lies in parallelism with the cam shafty adapted to aetnate the litter rods under which circumstances the valve passages leading' to the snction and exhaust volies have utilized siihstaniially the entire expanse oi" the cylinder head. 4',ltlnirwisc it was either iie 'cssai'v to pro" shatts. one tor actnating eacli. van-fem' a single cam siia'i [i was located npon the top et the cylinder and driven from the engine hase. These two ir'ter solutions are alike complicated and somewhat expensive and involve the use et an increased number oi parts.

The valve mechanism of this invention not alone substantiallj,7 prevents any change in. valve clearance and valve timing but permits the valves to he placedlaterallv oi the o vlinder in suoli position that the line connecting their centers lies substantially perpendicular to the axis or" the actuating cam shaft. `With this constrncti on the valves are adjacent the suction and exhaust `vokes giving a freer and shorter passage 'for the gas and increasing the eiicieney of the engine: Yith this construction the valve operating mechanism is of such acharacter that the walking beams for operating the valves are both actuated from a unitarv Cain shaft. l

Fui-ther, this valve mechanism and the positioning of the valves laterally of the c vlinder permits the cylinder head to be inclined downwardly and laterally from its central portion forming plane portions disposed at an angle to each otherand con verging upwardly. lWith this construction the valves lie at an angle to the horizontal plane and have their seats in the oppositely inclined walls of the cylinder head thus permitting,` the use ot' a materially larger valve. For instance, with a 30@ angle of in cliiiation to the horizontal, the vali/is can he made 10% larg-er than when the suction and exhaust ports are formed in a substantiallvY horizontal upper wall9 This aiiowfi better operation with regard to "i s; ineen ing and outgoing gas etiectin n. greater scaven'fing oii the cylinder and .increasing the ciiicienc.)v of the engine.

Further. this valve mechanism. and positioning ot" the valves makes the design of the c vlinder head innoh simpler and leaves a considerable portion of the cylinder head nnohstincted permitting` the use oitl ay removable c vlinder head which is a great ad,- vantage in constinction and in the ease .d rapidity with which the cylinder may he cared for and allows eas;Y accessibility for .rlezniingn and grinding the valves.

Other objects and advantages will appear i'iom the 'toilowing description taken in conncction with the accom yanvin drawings in i I. D ewhich- Figure 1 is a top plan view of enioodi nient ot this invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation ot a portion of the same.

Fig'. 3 is a section taken on line 3 3, Fig. Q.

Fig'. i is a section takin on tine i-J-i, iff. 1.

Fig". is a section taken on tine 53H5,

Fig. 2.

The invention, as shown, comprises a Suitable base -1- upon which cylinder =-2-- is mounted, the cylinder -2- being formed with a removable head -3- secured to the body of the cylinder in any suitable Way, as by bolts at The cylinder head *3- is provided With suction and exhaust conduits 5 and -6- positioned at opposite sides of the cylinder and adjacent the suction and eX- haust yokes, respectively.

rfhe cylinder head 3-`is formed With inclined Walls -7- and -8- through which the conduits 5 and -6-, respectively, pass, and these Walls -7-- and -8- may be inclined at various angles t0 the horizontal, as desired. The greater the angle, the larger the valve which can .be used with a cylinder. ot' predetermined d1ameter.

.-10- can be n'lade substantially 40% larger than would be possible with a cylinder head, having a flat'interior surface. i y The valves -9- and lO-4 are carried i and actuated by suitable valve'stems -11-' and. -12- extending through bushings -13- and -1fl secured in openings in'tlie cylinder head. l

The valves are normally held in closed position by sprnigsg '-l5-yl and 1G- mounted upon the `respective valve stems and tensioned betyveen the cylinder and washers -17 and ---18-l mounted upon and secured to respective/valve stems.

f. It will be noted that v the conduits -5 and 6,- are adjacent ,their respectiveyokes ,(notlshown) and cbnstitute unobstructed tlirectpassageways for vthe passage of gas.

The valves 459-- andilllare adapted to be actuated by walking beams -l9- and l-QO- J, respectively both constructed in the. form of Abell-cranks andlpivotally mounted 'upon pan -2I- carried by a bracket 22 secured in any suitable manner upon the 'eylindcfrlheai asA by bollts -23-.

,Tl ie walking beams,%19- and 20M are themselves actuated to operate the valves by links A24-3i; and 25.-, respectively, which links are in tuin actuated by be l-cranks -QG- and f ,-`ZT' respectively, vvreverselyy operated by li rter rods -28-and H29-, respectively,.lieflifter yrods being actuated in any usual manner, as by cam shaft within,

the engine base.

ln the specific illustration shown, in order to compensate i'or changes in valve clearance ln the illustration shown, the Walls are l and valve timing by reason or' expansion oli the engine cylinder as a result of high temeratures generated at high speeds, one end lof the links 2land -25- is connected respectively,

and -33-, respectively, which housings are carried by tubes B4-'- and -35-, respectively,fsecured in any suitable manner to a practically cold part not exposed to the high temperature to whichthe cylinder is sub! jected so that the housings and the shafts and 31%, the bell-cranks 26-- and 27- and one lend of the links' 24eand -25- remain in practically stationary position under any conditions of expansion of the cylinder and parts carried thereby.

As a result of this, the valve clearance does not change because the links 24;- and -25- are/'olf sufficient length so that the relativrel short are through which they moveyd 1e to cylinder expansion, is for all practical purposes a straight line and, therefore, the walking beam is not actuated by 'such movement.

'For inst-ance, it the links 2land -25- are substantially 4 in lengt-h and the cylinder should expand vertically .050 of an inch (which is about the maximum expansion), the valve clearance would be varied only approximately .0001 which is an entirely negligible quantity. i

It will be noted that thecperatiOn of bell-cranks 26- and *27* 1s reversed by plvotlng one at the lower and the other at the upper portion of'its respective housing and connecting the lifter rods to opposite ends of respective bell-cranks, so that link 424 pulls bell-crank or walking beam 19- to operate valve -lO-, while, link 110 25 pushes bell-crank or walking beam 20`- to actuate the valve h9-.

Preferably, as shown, the housings -32- and -33- are each formed of two sections united diagonally ot' the housingandse- 115 curedtogcther in any suitable manner, as by bolts -36-, the shafts -30 and 3lbeing` pivotally mounted in the body sections of the housings to which the tubes 34- and -35-, respectively, are secured in any 120 suitablel manner, as by brazing or the like.

The housings --32- and --33-` are .provided with openings for the passage of vthe links--24- and `25- and these openings may be formed with surroundinr recesses 37+ and to receive suitzible .packing to prevent the escape of lubricant with which the housings may be packed.

In the specific illustration shown, the tubes *34* and -35- are rigidly secured to base 130 -1- by clamp l`39- adjustably secured to the base by bolt d10- Any other suitable method, however, may be utilized for supporting thehousings -32- and `--33- in a. stationary', and substantially rigid condition.

The housings may, if desired, be secured to the bracket -22- by a yoke ellformed, as for instance, of relatively thin sheet metal having its opposite ends secured to respective housings and its intermediate portion secured to the bracket, as by bolt -42-.

lThis yoke prevents lateral movement of the housings relatively to the cylinder and relatively to each other, but permits the vertical expansive movement of the bracket and cylinder under high temperature conditions Without movement of the housings, due to the vertical flexibility of the yoke whenv sion ot the cylinder in an axial direction formed of thin sheet metal. f

The placing of the valves upon an angle and the location of the valves and conduits leading therefrom at the sides of the cylinder adjacent the suction and exhaust yokes, respectively, gives high engine eiiiciency, while permitting the use of a removable cylinder head of great advantage in the care and attention during service.

The Valve-operating mechanism not only eiiiciently a-ctuates the valves so positioned from a single cam shaft, but also prevents for all practical purposes any change in valve clearance and valve timing.

Although I have shown and described one specific construction, form and arrangement of parts as illustrative of an embodiment of my invention, I do not desire to limit myself to the same as various changes may be made in the details of form, construction and arrangement Without departing from the spirit of this invention .as set forth in the appended claims.

That I claim is:

1. `In an apparatus of the class described a cylinder having an inlet port and an exhaust port, valves for .said ports, Walking beams for actuating the valves, relatively long links having one end connected to the vvalk ing bea-ms and movable in a direction substantia'lly normal to the axis of the cylinder and mechanisms for actuating said links reverseiy to move respective valves to open position, said mechanisms arranged to actuate respective links under sub-- stantially identical conditions under varying temperatures to which the cylinder is subjected. Y

2. In an apparatus of the class described, a cylinder including a head formed with upwardly converging Walls, ports extending through said Walls, valves for said ports inclined with respec cylinder, valve stems carrying` said valves and extending through the cylinder head, a pin mounted on the intermediate portion te the axis of theof the cylinder head, bell-crank walking beams carried by the pin, links disposed substantially 'normally to the axis of the cylinder and connected to the bell-crank walking beams, and mechanisms each including a bell-crank, for reciprocating said links, respectively, said mechanisms operating said valves under substantially identical conditions under varying temperatures to which the cylinder is subjected.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with al port, a valve for Said port, a walking beam mounted on the cylinder for actuatinvsaid valve, a link for actuating the Walkmg beam, mechanism including a lever for reciprocating said link, and means for preventing lateral movel'nent of said mechanism relatively to the cylinder while permitting free expansubstantially independently of the mechanism.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, a base, a member secured to the base, a housing carried by the member, a bell-crank mounted Within the housing, an actuating rod for operating the bell-crank, a link actuated by the bell-crank, a Walking beam actuated by the link, valve mechanism actuated by the Walking beam, and a' member connecting the housing to the cylinder to prevent relative lateral movement of the housing and cylinder while permitting free expansive movement of the cylinder in an axial direction substantially independently of the housing.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a. base, a cylinder mounted on the base, a port in the cylinder, a valve for said'port, a bell-crank pivotally mounted on the cylinder :t'or actuating said valve, a link disposed substantially, normally to the axis yof the cylinder and having one end connected to said bell-crank, a second belle crank having one end connected to said link, a tube mounted on the base, a housing carried by the tube, said housing inclosing and pivotally carrying said second bellcrank, and a lifter rod extending through said tube and adapted to actuate said second bell crank under substantially identical conditions, under varying temperatures to which the cylinder is subjected.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a base. a cylinder mounted on the base, a-A port in the cylinder, a valve for said port, a bellcrank pivotally mounted on the cylinder for actuating said valve, a link disposed substantially, normally to the axis of the cylinder and having one end connected to said bellcrank,a second bell-crank having one end connected to said link, aI lifter rod for actuating the other end ,of the second bell-crank, and a member mounted on said base and pivotally carrying said second IIS bell-crank under substantially identical conditions, under varying temperatures to which' the cylinder is subjected.

7. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a port in the cylinder, a valve for said port, a bell-crank pivotally mounted on the cylinder for actuating the valve, a relatively long link disposed substantially normally to the axis ofthe cylinder connected to one end ot the bell-crank, a second bellcrank pivotallycarried by a part of the engine remaining relatively cool under high temperature operating conditions, said sec- 'ond bell-crank having one end connected to said link, and a lifter rod for actuating the other end of said second bell-crank under substantially identical conditions under varying temperatures to which the cylinder is subjected.

8, In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder havinga port, a valve tor said port, a bell-crank walking beam pivotally carried from the upper end of the cylinder and .moving vertically with the upper end of the cylinder when the latter expands under high temprature operating conditions, a link disposed substantially normally to the axis. of the cylinder and secured to one end of the walking beam, a second bell-crank having a pivot' remaining in substantially stationary condition during vertical expanv sion of the cylinder under high temperatm'e operating conditions, said second bellcranlchaving Oone end connected t0 said link and means for actuating the other end of said second bell-crank to operate the valve.

9. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a base, a port in the cylinder, a valve t'or said port, a bell-crank walking beam pivotally carried frpm the upper end of the cylinder and moving vertically with the upper end otl the cylinder when the cylinder expands under high temperature operating conditions, a relatively long link disposed*substantially normally to the axis of the cylinder and secured to one end of the walking beam, a second bell-crank having j a pivot carried from the base ot' the cylinder and remaining in substantially stationary condition during vertical expansion of the cylinder under temperature operating conditions, said second bell-crank having one end connected to said link and a lifter rod tor actuating the other end of the second bell-crank under 'substantially identical conditions under varying temperatures to which the cylinder is subjected. v

l0. In an apparatus of the class described, a cylinder provided with a port, a valvefor said port, a walking beam mounted on the cylinder for actuating said valve, a relatively long link disposed substantially normally to the axle of the cylinder and connected to the walking beam for actuating the same and mechanism supported and arranged to actu-ate said link under substantially identical conditions u-nder varying temperatures to which the cylinder is subjected.

1l. In an apparatus of the class described, a cylinder having a base, a port inthe cylin* der, a valve for said port, a Walking beam mounted on the cylinder for actuating said valve, a relatively long link disposed substantially normally to the axis of the cylinactuating said valves, relatively long links y I i having one end connected to the walking beams and movable in a direction. substantially normal to the'axis of the cylinder and mechanism for actuating said links reversely to move lrespective valves to open position, -l

said mechanism including pivoted bell cranks carried from the cylinder'base and actuating respective links under substantially identical conditions under temperatures to which the cylinder jected.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 30th day of December 1916. ARTHUR HOLMES.

is su'blVitnesses z E. A. THOMPSON, BERTHA N. SWART.

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